小升初英语动词解析

小升初英语动词解析

　 动词

　这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：

　先用一（量词）（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用很去判断，就是把很和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）

　 1、be动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）

　 1）am-was, is -was, are--were

　口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。

　 2）肯定和否定句

　I am (not) from London.

　He is(not) a teacher.

　She is(not) in the dining room.

　My hair is(not)long. Her eyes are(not) small.

　 3）一般疑问句

　Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are./ No, you aren't.

　Are they American? Yes, they are. /No, they aren't.

　Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. /No, it isn't.

　 4）be动词的否定形式

　am not（没有缩写形式），are not = aren't ，is not = isn't 。

　 练一练：

　 用恰当的be动词填空。

　 1、用be动词的适当形式填空。

　1）I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.

　2）The girl______ Jacks sister.

　3）The dog _______ tall and fat.

　4）The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

　5）______ your brother in the classroom?

　6）How _______ your father?

　7）Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.

　8）Whose dress ______ this?

　9）Whose socks ______ they?

　10）Who ______ ?

　11）The jeans ______ on the desk.

　12）Here ______ a scarf for you.

　13）Here ______ some sweaters for you.

　14）The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.

　15）This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.

　16）The two cups of milk _____ for me.

　17）Some tea ______ in the glass.

　18）Gao shans shirt _______ over there.

　19）My sisters name ______Nancy.

　20）______ David and Helen from England?

　21）There ______ a girl in the room.

　22）There ______ some apples on the tree.

　23）_______ there any apple juice in the bottle?

　24）There _______ some bread on the plate.

　25）You, he and I ______ from China.

　26）There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.

　 2、助动词（ do, does, did ）

　do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。 注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。

　 1、用适当的助动词填空。

　1) ______you like this magazine?

　2) The girl______like bread for breakfast.

　3) ---What ______ she ______ at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.

　4) ---Wha______ you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.

　5) ---Did you see a Beijing opera? ---No, I ______.

　6) He ______not visit a farm last National Day holiday.

　7) They______ not like playing volleyball.

　8) --- ______Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he .

　9) ______Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?

　10) ---How many kites ______we have? ---We have ten.

　 2 、情态动词

　情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。 注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响） 其否定形式：can not = can't, must not = mustn't, 注意：may not和shall not（无缩写形式）

　 练一练：

　 选择填空。

　( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you ______stay away from the building.

　A. must B. can C. shouldnt

　( ) 2) How many books ______ you see on the desk?

　A. may B. can C. should

　( ) 3) It means you ______ make noise in the library.

　A. should B.should'n C. can

　( ) 4) --- ______you like a glass of milk? --- Yes, please.

　A. May B. Could C. Would

　( ) 5) --- ______you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I cant.

　A. Can B. Can C. Should

　( ) 6) ______ we go to the park by bus?

　A. May B. Must C. Shall

　 4、行为动词

　就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。

　 （1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：

　A、一般直接加s，如：play - plays, visit - visits, speak - speaks ；

　B、以s，x，sh，ch结尾时，加es，如：catch - catches, watch - watches ；

　C、以辅音字母+y结尾时，变y为i再加es，如：carry - carries, study - studies 。

　 （2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：

　A、一般直接加ing，如：go - going, do - doing, look - looking ；

　B、以不发音的e结尾的单词，去e 加ing，如：take - taking, make - making, have - having ；

　C、以重读闭音节结尾的`词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加ing，如：

　put - putting, stop - stopping, run - running, get - getting, swim - swimming, sit - sitting, begin - beginning, jog - jogging, forget - forgetting 。

　 （3）过去式构成规则：

　A、一般直接加ed，如：plant - planted, visit - visited, pick - picked ；

　B、以不发音字母e结尾，直接加ed，如：like - liked, hope - hoped, taste - tasted ；

　C、以辅音字母+y结尾时，变y为i再加ed，如：try - tried, carry - carried, study - studied ；

　D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加ed，如：stop - stopped ；

　E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：

　是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being；成为-become-became-becoming； 开始-begin-began-beginning； 弯曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing； 买-buy-bought-buying；

　能-can-could-；捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 选择-choose-chose-choosing； 来-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；

　感觉-feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found-finding；飞-fly-flew-flying；忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing；有-have, has-had-having；

　听-hear-heard-hearing；受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；学习learn-learned, learnt-learning；允许，让-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；

　意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见 -meet-met-meeting；必须-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding；响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；

　说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should---；

　唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping；说-speak-spoke-speaking；度过-spend-spent-spending 。

　 练一练：

　 1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。

　drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________have _________

　pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________plant _________fly ________

　study ________brush _________do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________

　 2、写出下列动词的现在分词。

　put __________give __________fly _________get ________dance ________sit_________ run ________

　plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________stop __________take _________

　write __________have __________smoke _________ think__________ want__________ tell__________

　 3、写出下列动词的过去式。

　isam _________fly _______plant ________are ________drink _________play _______go ________

　make ________does _________dance ________worry ___________ask ________taste _________

　eat __________draw ________put ______throw ________kick _________pass _______do ________

　 4、用动词的适当形式填空。

　（1）I ______to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _______to school with me. Yesterday we

　_______to school together. We like ________to school very much. ( go )

　（2）They usually _______lunch at home. But last week, they ____lunch at school. ( have )

　（3）That______my English book. It _____new. But now it _____not here. It ______there a moment ago. ( be )

　（4）My sister likes ________very much. She often _______at our school festival. Last term, she _______a lot of

　songs in the school hall. She _____beautifully. ( sing )

　（5）What _____ he usually ______on Sunday? He usually ______his homework. Look!

　He __________his homework now. ______he _______his homework last Sunday?

　Yes, he_______. ( do )

　（6）Do people usually_______ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _______moon cakes

　last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _______a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )

应为 d

在过去式中，若动词原形中音标最后为浊辅音，则-ed发/d/,例如exclaimed,原型为exclaim,音标最后为/m/,所以-ed发/d/.

若动词原形中音标最后为清辅音，则-ed发/t/.例如taked ,原型为take,音标最后为/k/,所以-ed发/t/。

注意：浊辅音在发音时声带震动，而清辅音在发音时声带不震动。

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