番茄酱为什么叫ketchup

番茄最早是在16世纪中叶被发现，在英语国家，番茄被叫做“tomato”，但是有趣的是，当番茄被制作成番茄酱后，番茄酱的英语却和番茄“tomato”毫无关系了。番茄酱英文是“ketchup”，牛津词典中这个词最早并不是用来指番茄酱的，并且这个词所指的也并不是以番茄为原料得酱汁。“ketchup”这个词是个外来词——“ke-tsiap”，指的是腌制鱼产品所产生出来的卤汁，用于烹饪调味。

“ketchup”这个单词其实起源于中国东南沿海一带，一种叫鲑汁的调味品，根据厦门话发音，拼作ke-chiap。后来被广泛传播于东南亚，拼法略变形为kecap。后来被英国人带回英国，将主料改为番茄，成为了西方最常见的调味品。

cilantro = coriander leaf = Chinese parsley = culantrillo = koyendoro = Mexican parsley = yuen-sai = green coriander = coriander green 芫荽叶，香菜叶，胡荽

mint 薄荷

Peppermint = brandy mint 胡椒薄荷，薄荷油

betel 萎叶

basil 罗勒，紫苏

mitsuba = trefoil = honewort 北柴胡，车轴草

bay leaf = bay laurel leaf = laurel leaf = sweet bay laurel leaf 香叶，月桂叶

oregano = wild marjoram = pot marjoram 牛至

rosemary 迷迭香,欧芹

sage 鼠尾草，洋紫苏，茜紫

savory 香薄荷

thyme 百里香

tarragon 龙嵩, 龙嵩叶

fenugreek leaves = holba = methi leaves 葫芦巴

vanilla 香草，香子兰

horseradish 山葵，辣根（青芥辣的原料）

allspice = toute-epice = Jamaica pepper = myrtle pepper = pimiento = pimento = clove pepper = newspice 多香果，众香子

cardamom = cardamon = green cardamom 小豆蔻

cassia cinnamon = cassia = Chinese cinnamon = Chinese cassia = false cinnamon 桂皮

cinnamon 肉桂

clove 丁香

cumin = comino = cummin = jeera 孜然，孜然芹, 孜然芹果

dill seed = dillseed 莳萝籽，土茴香、野小茴，

fennel seed = fennel = sweet cumin 茴香籽

mace 肉豆蔻

mustard seeds 芥菜籽

poppy seeds 婴粟籽

saffron 藏红花

sesame seeds; benne seeds = goma 芝麻，胡麻籽，白芝麻

black sesame seeds 黑芝麻

star anise = anise = whole anise = Chinese star anise = Chinese anise 八角，八角茴香，大茴香

Szechwan peppercorn = Sichuan peppercorn = Szechuan peppercorn = anise pepper = brown peppercorn = Chinese aromatic pepper = Chinese pepper = flower pepper = sancho = Japanese pepper = Japan pepper = wild pepper = fagara pepper 花椒

white pepper = white peppercorns 白胡椒

black pepper = black peppercorns 黑胡椒

Chinese five-spice powder = five-spice powder = five-fragrance powder = five heavenly spices = five perfumes = five-flavored powder 五香粉

high protein flour 高筋面粉

All-purpose flour 中筋面粉

Low protein flour 低筋面粉

Wholemeal Flour 全麦面粉

Self-raising flour 自发粉

Corn Flour 玉黍署粉

Sweet potato flour 蕃薯粉

Tapioca starch / tapioca flour 木薯粉

Corn Starch 粟粉

Rice flour 粘米粉

Glutinous rice flour 糯米粉

Polenta / yellow cornmeal 粗玉米豆粉

Potato Starch 生粉/太白粉

Baking Powder 发粉/泡打粉

Baking Soda/Bicarb of soda 小梳打粉

Parmesan Cheese Powder 起司粉

Custard powder 蛋黄粉/吉士粉

Egg white powder 蛋白粉

Cooked rice flour 糕仔粉

wheat flour 澄面粉

Green Pea Starch 绿豆澄粉

Wheat germ 麦芽粉

Wheat gluten 面筋粉

Cinnamon 肉桂粉

Gelatin 吉利丁/鱼胶粉

Glucomannan 蒟蒻粉

Natural gum powder 蒟蒻果冻粉

Cream of tartar 塔塔粉

Almond Powder 杏仁粉

Water chestnut flour 马蹄粉

Cocoa powder 可可粉

Grounded Cumin Seed 小茴香粉

Grounded Ginger 姜粉

Tumeric 黄姜粉

Meat Tenderizer 松肉粉

Grounded Nutmeg 豆寇粉

cornichon 酸黄瓜，醋渍小黄瓜

玛珈琳／玛琪琳／乳玛琳／雅玛琳／人造奶油／菜油 margarine

起酥油／起酥玛琪琳 pastry margarine / oleo margarine

猪油／白油／大油／板油 lard / cooking fat

酥油／雪白奶油 shortening

硬化椰子油 copha

椰油 Creamed Coconut

烤油 dripping

牛油忌廉 butter cream

淡忌廉 light cream／coffee cream／table cream

鲜奶油／忌廉／鲜忌廉 cream／whipping cream

包括：1 light whipping cream

2 heavy whipping cream／heavy cream／thickened cream

3 double cream／pure cream

酸奶油／酸忌廉／酸奶酪／酸乳酪 sour cream

酸奶 butter milk

牛奶／鲜奶／鲜乳 milk

奶粉 powdered milk / milk powder

花奶／淡奶／奶水／蒸发奶／蒸发奶水 evaporated milk

炼奶 condensedmilk／sweetened condensed milk

起士／起司／芝士／乳酪／奶酪／乾酪／乳饼 cheese

起司粉 powdered cheese

奶油起司／芝士忌廉／奶油乳酪／凝脂乳酪 cream cheese

玛斯卡波尼起司／马司卡膨起司／马斯卡波涅起司／义大利乳酪 mascarpone cheese

优格／乳果／酸奶／酸乳酪 yoghurt

优酪乳 yoghurt drink／drinking yoghurt

meat 肉

beef 牛肉

veal 小牛肉

lamb 羊肉

sirloin 牛脊肉

steak 牛排

chop 连骨肉,排骨

cutlet 肉条

stew 炖肉

roast 烤肉

pork 猪肉

ham 火腿

bacon 咸肉

sausage 香肠

black pudding, blood sausage 血肠

cold meats 冷盘 (美作:cold cuts)

chicken 鸡

turkey 火鸡

duck 鸭

fish 鱼

vegetables 蔬菜

dried legumes 干菜

chips 炸薯条,炸土豆片 (美作:French fries)

mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥

pasta 面条

noodles 面条,挂面

macaroni 通心粉

consomme 肉煮的清汤

broth 肉汤

milk 奶

cheese 奶酪

butter 奶油

bread 面包

slice of bread 面包片

crust 面包皮

crumb 面包心

egg 蛋

boiled eggs, soft-boiled eggs 水煮蛋

hard-boiled eggs 煮硬了的蛋

fried eggs 煎蛋

poached eggs 荷包蛋

scrambled eggs 炒鸡蛋,摊鸡蛋

omelet 煎蛋卷

pastry 糕点

sponge cake 奶油鸡蛋,蜂糕

tart 果焰糕点

biscuits (英)饼干,(美)小面包

fruit 水果

ice cream 冰淇淋

compote 蜜饯

jam, preserves 果酱

marmalade 桔子酱

spices 调料

salt 盐

vinegar 醋

sauce 酱油

oil 油

salad oil 色拉油

pepper 辣椒

mustard 芥末

clove 丁香

beef 牛肉

veal 小牛肉

lamb 羊肉

sirloin 牛脊肉

steak 牛排

chop 连骨肉,排骨

cutlet 肉条

stew 炖肉

roast 烤肉

pork 猪肉

ham 火腿

bacon 咸肉

sausage 香肠

black pudding, blood sausage 血肠

cold meats 冷盘 (美作:cold cuts)

chicken 鸡

turkey 火鸡

duck 鸭

string bean 四季豆

bean sprout 豆芽

cabbage 包心菜; 大白菜

celery 芹菜

leek 韭菜

caraway 香菜

spinach 菠菜

carrot 胡萝卜

loofah 丝瓜

pumpkin 南瓜

bitter gourd 苦瓜

cucumber 黄瓜

white gourd 冬瓜

needle mushroom 金针菇

tomato 番茄

eggplant 茄子

potato, 马铃薯

lotus root 莲藕

agaric 木耳

vinegar 醋

peanut oil 花生油

soy sauce 酱油

ginger 生姜

scallion,青葱

green pepper 青椒

pea 豌豆

bamboo shoot 竹笋

seasoning 调味品

green soy bean 毛豆

soybean sprout 黄豆芽

mung bean sprout 绿豆芽

kale 甘蓝菜

broccoli 花椰菜

mater convolvulus 空心菜

dried lily flower 金针菜

mustard leaf 芥菜

tarragon 蒿菜

beetroot 甜菜根

lettuce 生菜

preserved szechuan pickle 榨菜

salted vegetable 雪里红

lettuce 莴苣

asparagus 芦荟

dried bamboo shoot 笋干

water chestnut 荸荠

long crooked squash 菜瓜

gherkin 小黄瓜

yam 山芋

taro 芋头

champignon 香菇

dried mushroom 冬菇

white fungus 百木耳

garlic 大蒜

onion 洋葱

wheat gluten 面筋

miso 味噌

caviar 鱼子酱

barbeque sauce 沙茶酱

tomato ketchup, tomato sauce 番茄酱

mustard 芥末

salt 盐

sugar 糖

sweet 甜

sour 酸

bitter 苦

lard 猪油

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